Situation 2 - When you know the finished length of the short side of the triangle, multiply that number by 1.414 to get the length of the long sides. Then, add 1-1/4" (1.25) to each side for seam allowances.
Example: I want a triangle where each short side, when sewn, will measure 2".
Multiply 2.00 x 1.414 = 2.828 inches
To this total, add 1-1/4" or 1.25
2.828 inches + 1.25 inches = 4.08 inches
I will cut a square 4.08 inches on each side, and cut it diagonally in BOTH DIRECTIONS to make triangles that, when sewn, will measure 2 inches on each side.